Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zemishini yezinto zensimbi

Izakhiwo zezinto zensimbi ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: ukusebenza kwenqubo nokusebenza kokusetshenziswa.Okubizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kwenqubo kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kwezinto zensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokucubungula ezibandayo nezishisayo phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza izingxenye zemishini.Ikhwalithi yokusebenza kwenqubo yezinto zensimbi inquma ukuguquguquka kwayo ekucutshungulweni nasekubunjweni ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Ngenxa yezimo ezihlukene zokucutshungulwa, izakhiwo zenqubo ezidingekayo nazo zihlukile, njengokusebenza kokuphonsa, ukushibilika, ukukhohlakala, ukusebenza kokwelashwa kokushisa, ukucutshungulwa kokusika, njll. Okubizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kwezinto zensimbi ngaphansi kwemibandela yokusetshenziswa. izingxenye zemishini, ezihlanganisa izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, njll. Ukusebenza kwezinto zensimbi kunquma ububanzi bayo bokusetshenziswa nempilo yesevisi.

Embonini yokukhiqiza imishini, izingxenye ezijwayelekile zemishini zisetshenziswa ekushiseni okujwayelekile, ingcindezi evamile kanye nemidiya engagqwali kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ingxenye ngayinye yomshini izothwala imithwalo ehlukene.Ikhono lezinto zensimbi ukumelana nokulimala ngaphansi komthwalo libizwa ngokuthi izakhiwo zemishini (noma izakhiwo zemishini).Izakhiwo zemishini yezinto zensimbi ziyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokuklama nokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zezingxenye.Ngokuya ngemvelo yomthwalo osetshenzisiwe (njengokushuba, ukucindezelwa, ukugoqa, umthelela, umthwalo we-cyclic, njll.), izakhiwo zemishini ezidingekayo zezinto zensimbi nazo zizohluka.Izakhiwo zemishini ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa: amandla, ipulasitiki, ubulukhuni, ukuqina, ukumelana nomthelela omningi kanye nomkhawulo wokukhathala.Isakhiwo ngasinye sikamshini kuxoxwa ngaso ngokwehlukana ngezansi.

1. Amandla

Amandla asho ikhono lensimbi lokumelana nokulimala (ukuwohloka ngokwedlulele kwepulasitiki noma ukuphuka) ngaphansi komthwalo omile.Njengoba umthwalo usebenza ngendlela yokushuba, ukucindezelwa, ukugoba, ukugunda, njll., amandla nawo ahlukaniswe abe amandla aqinile, amandla acindezelayo, amandla okuguquguquka, amandla okugunda, njll. Kuvame ukuba nobuhlobo obuthile phakathi kwamandla ahlukahlukene.Ekusetshenzisweni, amandla aqinile ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengenkomba yamandla eyisisekelo kakhulu.

2. Ipulasitiki

I-Plasticity isho ikhono lensimbi lokukhiqiza i-deformation yepulasitiki (ukuguqulwa okuhlala njalo) ngaphandle kokubhujiswa ngaphansi komthwalo.

3.Ubunzima

Ukuqina yisilinganiso sokuthi insimbi iqine noma ithambile kangakanani.Njengamanje, indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokulinganisa ubulukhuni ekukhiqizeni indlela yobulukhuni bokuhlohla, esebenzisa i-indenter yomumo othile wejometri ukuze ucindezele ebusweni bensimbi ehlolwayo ngaphansi komthwalo othile, futhi inani lokuqina liyalinganiswa. ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokuhlehlisa.
Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuqina kwe-Brinell (HB), ukuqina kwe-Rockwell (HRA, HRB, HRC) kanye nokuqina kwe-Vickers (HV).

4. Ukukhathala

Amandla, ipulasitiki, nobulukhuni okuxoxwe ngakho ngaphambili zonke ziyizinkomba zokusebenza kwemishini yensimbi ngaphansi komthwalo omile.Eqinisweni, izingxenye eziningi zomshini zisebenza ngaphansi kokulayisha okujikelezayo, futhi ukukhathala kuzokwenzeka ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo.

5. Ukuqina komthelela

Umthwalo osebenza engxenyeni yomshini ngesivinini esiphezulu ubizwa ngokuthi i- impact load, futhi ikhono lensimbi ukumelana nomonakalo ngaphansi komthwalo womthelela kubizwa ngokuthi ukuqina komthelela.