Amandla wezinto zensimbi ukuze amelane nokuvezwa kobuso ngezinto ezinzima zibizwa ngokuthi lukhuni. Ngokuya ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola kanye nesilinganiso sohlelo lokusebenza, ubunzima bungahlukaniswa ngobulukhuni be-brinell, bulukhuni, ubulukhuni bamaviki, ubulukhuni basogwini, i-microurhard kanye nobulukhuni bokushisa okuphezulu. Kunobunzima obuthathu obusetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi: Brinell, Roclell, kanye nobulukhuni bama-vicklers.
A. I-Brinell Hardness (HB)
Sebenzisa ibhola lensimbi noma ibhola le-carbide ye-ububanzi obuthile ukucindezela endaweni yesampula ngamandla okuhlola acacisiwe (F). Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe sokubamba, susa amabutho okuhlola futhi ulinganise ububanzi be-induction (l) esweni lesampula. Inani le-Brinell Hardness Value iyisilinganiso esitholwe ngokuhlukanisa amabutho wokuhlola endaweni yangaphandle ye-Indentved Sphere. Kuvezwe ku-HBS (ibhola lensimbi), iyunithi yi-N / MM2 (MPA).
Ifomula yokubala yile:
Efomula: F-Amandla wokuhlola acindezelwe ebusweni besampula yensimbi, n;
I-D-ububanzi bebhola lensimbi ukuze bahlolwe, mm;
I-D-average ububanzi be-induction, mm.
Ukulinganiswa kobulukhuni be-Brinell kunembile ngokwengeziwe futhi kuthembekile, kepha ngokuvamile ama-Hbs alungele kuphela izinto zensimbi ezingezansi 450n / MM2 (MPA), futhi azilungele insimbi enzima noma engafanele. Phakathi kwamazinga wepayipi lensimbi, ubulukhuni be-brinell buyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi. I-Indentation ububanzi d ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuveza ubunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo, okunengqondo futhi okulula.
Isibonelo: I-120hbs10 / 1000130: Kusho ukuthi i-Brinell Hardness Value Malive asebenzisa ibhola le-10mm elingamandla ngaphansi kwamandla angama-1000kgf (amasekhondi) angu-30s (amasekhondi) angu-120N / MM2 (MPA).
B. Rockwell Hurdness (HR)
I-RocKwell Hardness Test, njengovivinyo lwe-Brinell Harveness, iyindlela yokuhlola ye-imentration. Umehluko ukuthi ulinganisa ukujula kwe-induction. Lokho wukuthi, ngaphansi kwesenzo esilandelanayo samandla okuhlola okuqala (FO) kanye ne-Total Test Force (F), i-Indenter (Isigaxa noma ibhola lensimbi yesibili lensimbi) licindezelwa ngaphezulu kwesampula. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe sokubamba, amandla amakhulu ayasuswa. Amandla okuhlola, sebenzisa ukukhula okulinganiselwe okulinganiselwe kokuvinjelwa kwemali (e) ukubala inani lobulukhuni. Inani layo liyinombolo engaziwa, elimelelwa yi-Symbol HR, kanti izikali ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka izikali eziyi-9, kufaka phakathi u-A, B, C, G, C, HRA, i-HRB, ne-HRC.
Inani lobulukhuni libalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elilandelayo:
Lapho uhlolelwa ngesikali esinezikali, hr = 100-e
Lapho uhlolelwa ngesikali se-B, HR = 130-E
Efomula, e - Ukukhuphuka kwe-Indentation Dealth ukukhuthaza kuvezwa kwiyunithi ebekiwe ka-0.002mm, okungukuthi, lapho ukuhanjiswa kwe-axial ye-indenter kuyunithi eyodwa (0.002mm), kulingana noshintsho ekubukeni okukodwa ngenombolo eyodwa. Inani elikhulu le-e, lehlile ubulukhuni bensimbi, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Isikali esisebenzayo salezi zikala ezintathu ezingenhla zimi ngokulandelayo:
I-HRA (idayimane i-Indenter) 20-88
I-HRC (iDayimane Cone Indenter) 20-70
I-HRB (ububanzi 1.58mm ibhola indenter) 20-100
I-Rocwell Harveness Test iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi njengamanje, phakathi kwayo i-HRC isetshenziswa kumazinga wepayipi ensimbi okwesibili ku-Brinell Hardness HB. Ubulukhuni be-Rocwell bungasetshenziswa ukukala izinto zensimbi kusuka kuthambile kakhulu kube nzima kakhulu. Kwenza ukushiyeka kwendlela ye-Brinell. Kulula kunendlela ye-Brinell kanye nenani lobulukhuni lingafundwa ngokuqondile kusuka ekushayweni komshini wobulukhuni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuqalwa kwayo okuncane, inani lobulukhuni alinembile njengendlela ye-brinell.
C. Ubulukhuni be-Vickers (HV)
I-Vickers Hardness Test iyindlela yokuhlola yokuhlolo. Icindezela i-square pyramidal diamond indententer nge-angle efakiwe engu-1360 phakathi kwamandla aphambeneyo endaweni yokuhlola (F), futhi uyisuse ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe sokugcina. Amandla, alinganise ubude be-diagonals emibili ye-induction.
Inani le-Heard Geness Values yi-quotient of the test force ehlukaniswe yindawo ye-induction sucate. Ifomula yokubala kwayo yile:
Efomula: uphawu lwe-HV-Vickers Hardness Symbol, N / MM2 (MPA);
F-test force, n;
D-the arithmetic kusho ukuthi ama-diagonals amabili we-induction, mm.
I-Test Force F esetshenziswe kubulukhuni be-Vicklers ingu-5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (96.07), 20 (196.07), 30 (494.2), 50 (494.2), 50 (490.3), 100 (490.7), 100 (980.7), 3 (980.7) KGF (N) namanye amazinga ayisithupha. Inani lobulukhuni lingalinganiswa ibanga lingu-5 ~ 1000hv.
Isibonelo sendlela yokubonisa: I-640hv30 / 20 isho ukuthi i-Vickers Hardness Value ikalwe ngamandla okuhlola we-30hgf (294.2n) kuma-20s (amasekhondi) ngu-640N / MM2 (MMMA).
Indlela ye-Healders Hardness ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ubunzima bezinto ezicijile kakhulu zensimbi nezingqimba ezingaphezulu. Inezinzuzo eziphambili ze-Brinell ne-Rocwell Izindlela futhi yeqe ukushiyeka kwazo okuyisisekelo, kepha ayilula njengendlela ye-RocKwell. Indlela yeVickers ayivamile ukusetshenziswa kumazinga wepayipi ensimbi.
Isikhathi sePosi: APR-03-2024