Ikhono lensimbi yokumelana nokungeniswa kwendawo yezinto eziqinile kubizwa ngokuthi ubulukhuni. Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza, ubulukhuni bungahlukaniswa ngokuqina kwe-Brinell, ukuqina kwe-Rockwell, ukuqina kwe-Vickers, ukuqina koShore, ubulukhuni obuncane kanye nobulukhuni bezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Kunokuqina okuthathu okuvame ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi: ukuqina kweBrinell, Rockwell, kanye noVickers.
A. Brinell hardness (HB)
Sebenzisa ibhola lensimbi noma ibhola le-carbide lobubanzi obuthile ukuze ucindezele endaweni yesampula ngamandla okuhlola ashiwo (F). Ngemva kwesikhathi esishiwo sokubamba, susa amandla okuhlola bese ukala ububanzi bokuhlehlisa (L) endaweni yesampula. Inani lobulukhuni be-Brinell yi-quotient etholwe ngokuhlukanisa amandla okuhlola ngendawo engaphezulu yendilinga eboshiwe. Ivezwe nge-HBS (ibhola lensimbi), iyunithi ithi N/mm2 (MPa).
Ifomula yokubala ithi:
Kufomula: F–amandla okuhlola acindezelwe ebusweni besampula yensimbi, N;
D-Ububanzi bebhola lensimbi lokuhlola, mm;
d–isilinganiso sobubanzi bokuhlehlisa, mm.
Isilinganiso sokuqina kwe-Brinell sinembe kakhudlwana futhi sithembekile, kodwa ngokuvamile i-HBS ifaneleka kuphela ezintweni zensimbi ezingaphansi kuka-450N/mm2 (MPa), futhi ayifanele insimbi eqinile noma amapuleti amancane. Phakathi kwezindinganiso zamapayipi ensimbi, ubulukhuni beBrinell busetshenziswa kakhulu. I-diameter ye-indentation engu-d ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuveza ubulukhuni bento esebenzayo, enembile futhi elula.
Isibonelo: 120HBS10/1000130: Kusho ukuthi inani lokuqina kweBrinell likalwa ngokusebenzisa ibhola lensimbi elingu-10mm ububanzi ngaphansi kwamandla okuhlola angu-1000Kgf (9.807KN) kuma-30s (amasekhondi) ngu-120N/mm2 (MPa).
B. Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell (HR)
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Rockwell, njengokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Brinell, kuyindlela yokuhlola yokuhlehlisa. Umehluko wukuthi ikala ukujula kwe-indent. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphansi kwesenzo esilandelanayo samandla okuhlola okuqala (i-Fo) kanye namandla okuhlola aphelele (F), i-indenter (ikhoni noma ibhola lensimbi lokugaya insimbi) icindezelwa ebusweni besampula. Ngemva kwesikhathi esibekiwe sokubamba, amandla amakhulu ayasuswa. Amandla okuhlola, sebenzisa insali elinganisiwe yokujula kokushona phansi (e) ukuze ubale inani lokuqina. Inani layo inombolo engaziwa, emele uphawu lwe-HR, futhi izikali ezisetshenzisiwe zihlanganisa izikali ezingu-9, kuhlanganise no-A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, no-K. Phakathi kwazo, izikali ezivame ukusetshenziselwa insimbi ukuhlolwa kokuqina ngokuvamile kungu-A, B, no-C, okuyi-HRA, i-HRB, ne-HRC.
Inani lobulukhuni libalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:
Uma uhlola ngezikali A no-C, HR=100-e
Uma uhlola ngesikali B, HR=130-e
Efomini, u-e – ukujula kokushona phansi kwensalela kuvezwa kuyunithi eshiwo engu-0.002mm, okungukuthi, lapho ukugudluka kwe-axial kwe-indenter kuyiyunithi eyodwa (0.002mm), kulingana noshintsho kukuqina kwe-Rockwell ngokukodwa. inombolo. Ubukhulu be-e value, buyancipha ubulukhuni bensimbi, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
Ububanzi obusebenzayo bezikali ezintathu ezingenhla bumi kanje:
I-HRA (i-diamond cone indenter) 20-88
I-HRC (i-diamond cone indenter) 20-70
I-HRB (ububanzi obuyi-1.588mm ibhola lensimbi) 20-100
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Rockwell kuyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi njengamanje, phakathi kwayo i-HRC esetshenziswa ezindinganisweni zamapayipi ensimbi okwesibili kunobulukhuni be-Brinell HB. Ubulukhuni be-Rockwell bungasetshenziselwa ukukala izinto zensimbi zisuka ezithambile kakhulu ziye ezinzima kakhulu. Kwenza ukushiyeka kwendlela ye-Brinell. Ilula kunendlela ye-Brinell futhi inani lobulukhuni lingafundwa ngokuqondile ekudayeleni komshini wokuqina. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuhlehlisa okuncane, inani lokuqina alinembile njengendlela ye-Brinell.
C. Vickers ubulukhuni (HV)
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Vickers nakho kuyindlela yokuhlola yokuhlehlisa. Icindezela i-indenter yedayimane eyi-pyramidal ene-engeli efakiwe engu-1360 phakathi kwezindawo eziphambene endaweni yokuhlola ngamandla okuhlola akhethiwe (F), futhi iyisuse ngemva kwesikhathi esishiwo sokubamba. Phoqa, kala ubude bamadiagonali amabili wokuhlehlisa.
Inani lobulukhuni be-Vickers liyi-quotient yamandla okuhlola ahlukaniswe ngendawo engaphezulu yokuhlehlisa. Ifomula yayo yokubala ithi:
Kufomula: Uphawu lokuqina lwe-HV–Vickers, N/mm2 (MPa);
I-F-test force, N;
d–incazelo ye-arithmetic yama-diagonal amabili wokuhlehlisa, mm.
Amandla okuhlola u-F asetshenziswa ku-Vickers ubulukhuni ngu-5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (196.1), 30 (294.2), 50 (490.3), 100 (980.7) Kgf (N) namanye amazinga ayisithupha. Inani lokuqina lingalinganiswa Ububanzi bungu-5~1000HV.
Isibonelo sendlela yokukhuluma: 640HV30/20 isho ukuthi inani lokuqina kwe-Vickers likalwa ngamandla okuhlola angu-30Hgf (294.2N) we-20S (amasekhondi) ngu-640N/mm2 (MPa).
Indlela ye-Vickers yobulukhuni ingasetshenziswa ukunquma ubulukhuni bezinto zensimbi ezincane kakhulu nezingqimba zangaphezulu. Inezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezindlela ze-Brinell ne-Rockwell futhi inqoba ukushiyeka kwayo okuyisisekelo, kodwa ayilula njengendlela ye-Rockwell. Indlela ye-Vickers ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa ezindinganisweni zamapayipi ensimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-03-2024