Inqubo yokuqedela amapayipi ensimbi iyinqubo ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile yokususa amaphutha emapayipini ensimbi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamapayipi ensimbi, nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwemikhiqizo. Ukuqedela amapayipi ensimbi kuhlanganisa kakhulu: ukuqondisa amapayipi ensimbi, ukusika ekugcineni (ukucheba, usayizi), ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa (kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yendawo, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu bejometri, ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic, njll.), ukugaya, ukulinganisa ubude, isisindo, ukupenda, ukuphrinta kanye nezinqubo zokupakisha. Amanye amapayipi ensimbi anezinjongo ezikhethekile nawo adinga ukuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu endaweni, ukucutshungulwa kwemishini, ukwelashwa kokulwa nokugqwala, njll.
(I) Amaphutha okuqondisa amapayipi ensimbi kanye nokuvimbela kwawo
⒈ Inhloso yokuqondisa amapayipi ensimbi:
① Susa ukugoba (ukungaqondile) okukhiqizwa yipayipi lensimbi ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoqa, yokuthutha, yokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nokupholisa.
② Nciphisa ukujiya kwamapayipi ensimbi
⒉ Amaphutha ekhwalithi abangelwa ipayipi lensimbi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqondisa: ahlobene nemodeli yomshini wokuqondisa, ukuma kwembobo, ukulungiswa kwembobo kanye nezici zepayipi lensimbi.
⒊ Amaphutha ekhwalithi ekuqondisweni kwamapayipi ensimbi: amapayipi ensimbi awaqondiswa (ukugoba kokuphela kwamapayipi), aqhekekile, ayisikwele, aqhekekile, imihuzuko yobuso kanye nokugoba, njll.
(ii) Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya nokusika kwamapayipi ensimbi kanye nokuvimbela kwawo
⒈ Inhloso yokugaya amaphutha ebusweni bamapayipi ensimbi: ukususa amaphutha ebusweni avunyelwe ukuba khona ngezindinganiso zamapayipi ensimbi kodwa kumele ahlanzwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi ebusweni bamapayipi ensimbi.
2. Amaphutha abangelwa ukugaywa komhlaba kwamapayipi ensimbi: Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ukujula nesimo sezindawo zokugaya ngemva kokugaya kudlula izidingo ezichazwe endinganisweni, okubangela ububanzi bangaphandle kanye nobukhulu bodonga lwepayipi lensimbi kudlule ukuphambuka okungekuhle noma kube nesimo esingajwayelekile.
⒊ Ukugaya ubuso bepayipi lensimbi kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
① Ngemva kokulungiswa kwamaphutha ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi, ubukhulu bodonga lwendawo elungisiwe abukwazi ukuba ngaphansi kokuphambuka okungekuhle kobukhulu bodonga obujwayelekile bepayipi lensimbi, futhi ububanzi bangaphandle bendawo elungisiwe kufanele buhlangabezane nezidingo zobubanzi bangaphandle bepayipi lensimbi.
②Ngemva kokuba ubuso bepayipi lensimbi sebugayiwe, kubalulekile ukugcina ubuso bepayipi lensimbi bunjengobuso obubushelelezi obugobile (i-arc eningi). Ukujula kokugaya: ububanzi: ubude = 1:6:8
③ Uma ugaya ipayipi lensimbi lilonke, akufanele kube khona amamaki ashisa kakhulu noma asobala e-polygonal ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi.
④Izindawo zokugaya ezingaphezulu zepayipi lensimbi akumele zidlule inombolo echazwe ku-standard.
⒋ Amaphutha amakhulu abangelwa ukunqunywa kwamapayipi ensimbi afaka: ubuso bokugcina bepayipi lensimbi abuqondile, kukhona ama-burrs nama-loops, kanye ne-engeli ye-bevel engalungile, njll.
⒌ Ukuthuthukisa ukuqondeka kwepayipi lensimbi nokunciphisa ukujiya kwepayipi lensimbi kuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokusika yepayipi lensimbi. Kumapayipi ensimbi anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloy, ukusika ilangabi kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqhekeka kokuphela kwepayipi.
(iii) Amaphutha okucubungula ubuso bepayipi lensimbi kanye nokuvimbela kwawo
⒈ Ukucubungula ubuso bepayipi lensimbi kuhlanganisa kakhulu: ukuhlikihla amachashazi ebusweni, ukugaya ubuso jikelele kanye nokucubungula ngomshini.
⒉ Inhloso: Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yobuso kanye nokunemba kobukhulu bamapayipi ensimbi.
⒊ Amathuluzi okugaya ngokuphelele ubuso bangaphandle bamapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisa kakhulu: amabhande akhuhlayo, amasondo okugaya kanye namathuluzi omshini wokugaya. Ngemva kokugaya ngokuphelele ubuso bepayipi lensimbi, isikali se-oxide ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi singasuswa ngokuphelele, ukuphela kobuso bepayipi lensimbi kungathuthukiswa, futhi ubuso bepayipi lensimbi bungasuswa. Amanye amaphutha amancane njengemifantu emincane, imigqa yezinwele, imigodi, imihuzuko, njll.
① Sebenzisa ibhande elinamandla noma isondo lokugaya ukuze ugaye ngokuphelele ubuso bepayipi lensimbi. Amaphutha amakhulu ekhwalithi angavela afaka: isikhumba esimnyama ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi, ukujiya okukhulu kodonga, izindawo eziyisicaba (ama-polygon), imigodi, ukusha kanye namamaki okuguguleka, njll.
② Isikhumba esimnyama ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi sibangelwa inani lokugaya elincane kakhulu noma imigodi ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi. Ukwandisa inani lokugaya kungasusa isikhumba esimnyama ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi.
③ Ubukhulu bodonga lwepayipi lensimbi abubekezeleleki ngoba ukuphambuka okungekuhle kobukhulu bodonga lwepayipi lensimbi ngokwalo kukhulu kakhulu noma inani lokugaya likhulu kakhulu.
④ Ukusha ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi kubangelwa kakhulu ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuxhumana phakathi kwesondo lokugaya kanye nobuso bepayipi lensimbi, inani lokugaya lepayipi lensimbi ekugayeni okukodwa, kanye nesondo lokugaya elisetshenzisiwe liqinile kakhulu.
⑤ Nciphisa inani lokugaya ipayipi lensimbi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Sebenzisa isondo lokugaya eliqinile ukuze ugaye ipayipi lensimbi ngendlela engahlelekile kanye nesondo lokugaya elihle ukuze ugaye kahle. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuvimbela ukusha kwendawo epayipini lensimbi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa amamaki okuguguleka akhiqizwa ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi.
⒋ Ukuchama kwesibhamu ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi
① Ukuphuma kwesibhamu sobuso bepayipi lensimbi kuwukufafaza isibhamu sensimbi noma isibhamu sesihlabathi se-quartz sobukhulu obuthile ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze kususwe isikali se-oxide ebusweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushelela kobuso bepayipi lensimbi.
②Ubukhulu nobunzima besithombe sesihlabathi kanye nesivinini sokufakwa yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi yokuphuma kwesithombe ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi.
⒌ Umshini wokulungisa ubuso bepayipi lensimbi
①Amanye amapayipi ensimbi anezidingo eziphezulu zekhwalithi yangaphakathi nangaphandle adinga ukucutshungulwa ngomshini.
②Ukunemba okulinganayo, ikhwalithi yomphezulu kanye nokugoba kwamapayipi akhiwe ngomshini akunakulinganiswa namapayipi aguqiwe ngokushisa.
Ngamafuphi, inqubo yokuqeda iyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamapayipi ensimbi. Ukuqinisa indima yenqubo yokuqeda ngokungangabazeki kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yamapayipi ensimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-01-2024
