Ezinye Izakhiwo Zensimbi Engagqwali

1. Izakhiwo Zemishini Zensimbi Engagqwali
Izakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini zivame ukunikezwa ezinhlotsheni zokuthenga zensimbi engagqwali. Izakhiwo ezincane zemishini nazo zinikezwa yizindinganiso ezahlukene ezifanele izinto zokwakha kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo. Ukuhlangabezana nalezi zakhiwo ezijwayelekile zemishini kubonisa ukuthi izinto zokwakha zenziwe kahle ohlelweni lwekhwalithi olufanele. Onjiniyela bangabe sebesebenzisa ngokuzethemba izinto ezakhiweni ezihlangabezana nemithwalo yokusebenza ephephile kanye nezingcindezi.
Izakhiwo zemishini ezichazwe emikhiqizweni egoqekile eyisicaba ngokuvamile amandla okudonseka, ukucindezeleka kokukhiqiza (noma ukucindezeleka kokuqinisekisa), ukunwebeka kanye nokuqina kweBrinell noma iRockwell. Izidingo zezakhiwo zebha, ithubhu, ipayipi kanye nokufakwa ngokuvamile zisho amandla okudonseka kanye nokucindezeleka kokukhiqiza.

2. Amandla Okukhiqiza Ensimbi Engagqwali
Ngokungafani nezinsimbi ezithambile, amandla okukhiqiza ensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic eqoshiwe ayisilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu samandla okudonsa. Amandla okukhiqiza ensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile angama-65-70% wamandla okudonsa. Lesi sibalo sivame ukuba ngu-40-45% kuphela emndenini we-austenitic engagqwali.
Ukusebenza ngokubanda ngokushesha futhi kwandisa kakhulu amandla okukhiqiza. Ezinye izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali, njengocingo oluthambile lwasentwasahlobo, zingasetshenzwa ngokubanda ukuze kuphakanyiswe amandla okukhiqiza abe ngu-80-95% wamandla okudonsa.

3. Ukuguquguquka kwensimbi engagqwali
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamazinga aphezulu okuqina komsebenzi kanye nokwelulwa okuphezulu/ukuguquguquka kwenza insimbi engagqwali kube lula kakhulu ukuyenza. Ngale nhlanganisela yesakhiwo, insimbi engagqwali ingaphazamiseka kakhulu ekusebenzeni njengokudweba okujulile.
Ukuqina kokuqina kuvame ukulinganiswa njengobude be-% ngaphambi kokuphuka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuthamba. Izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic ezifakwe e-Annealed zinokude okuphezulu kakhulu. Izibalo ezijwayelekile zingama-60-70%.

4. Ubulukhuni bensimbi engagqwali
Ukuqina kungukumelana nokungena kobuso bezinto ezibonakalayo. Abahloli bokuqina balinganisa ukujula kokuthi i-indenter eqinile kakhulu ingafakwa kanjani ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo. Kusetshenziswa imishini kaBrinell, Rockwell kanye neVickers. Ngayinye yalezi ine-indenter ehlukile kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa amandla aziwayo. Ngakho-ke ukuguqulwa phakathi kwezikali ezahlukene kumane kulinganiselwa.
Amabanga okuqinisa i-Martensitic kanye nemvula angaqiniswa ngokwelashwa ngokushisa. Amanye amabanga angaqiniswa ngokusebenza emakhazeni.

5. Amandla Okuqina Ensimbi Engagqwali
Amandla okudonswa ngokuvamile yiwona kuphela amandla omshini adingekayo ukuchaza imikhiqizo yebha nentambo. Amazinga ezinto ezifanayo angasetshenziswa ngamandla ahlukahlukene okudonswa kwezicelo ezihlukene ngokuphelele. Amandla okudonswa anikezwayo emikhiqizo yebha nentambo ahlobene ngqo nokusetshenziswa kokugcina ngemva kokwenziwa.
Intambo yesipilingi ivame ukuba namandla aphezulu okudonseka ngemva kokwenziwa. Amandla aphezulu anikezwa ukusebenza okubandayo ezipilingini ezigoqiwe. Ngaphandle kwala mandla aphezulu intambo ibingeke isebenze kahle njengesipilingi.
Amandla anjalo okudonseka aphezulu awadingeki ukuze ucingo lusetshenziswe ezinqubweni zokwakha noma zokuluka. Ucingo noma ibha esetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zezibambo, njengezibhawodi nezikulufo, kudingeka ithambe ngokwanele ukuze ikhanda nentambo kwakheke kodwa kusaqine ngokwanele ukuze isebenze kahle ekusebenzeni.
Imindeni ehlukene yensimbi engagqwali ivame ukuba namandla okubamba ahlukene kanye nokukhiqiza. Lawa mandla ajwayelekile ezinto ezifakwe emanzini aqoshiwe achazwe kuThebula 1.
Ithebula 1. Amandla ajwayelekile ensimbi engagqwali ehlanganisiwe evela emindenini ehlukene

	Amandla Okudonsa	Amandla Okukhiqiza
I-Austenitic	600	250
I-Duplex	700	450
I-Ferritic	500	280
I-Martensitic	650	350
Ukuqina kwemvula	1100	1000

6. Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo Zensimbi Engagqwali
● Ukumelana nokugqwala
● Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi
● Kulula ukwenziwa
● Amandla Aphezulu
● Ukubukeka okuhle
● Ukuhlanzeka kanye nokulula kokuhlanza
● Umjikelezo wokuphila isikhathi eside
● Ingaphinde isetshenziswe
● Ukungena kwamandla kagesi okuphansi

7. Ukumelana Nokugqwala Kwensimbi Engagqwali
Ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kuyisici sazo zonke izinsimbi ezingagqwali. Amazinga aphansi e-alloy angamelana nokugqwala ezimweni ezijwayelekile. Ama-alloy aphezulu amelana nokugqwala yi-acids eziningi, izixazululo ze-alkaline kanye nezindawo ze-chloride.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kungenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-chromium. Ngokuvamile, insimbi engagqwali iqukethe okungenani i-chromium engu-10.5%. I-chromium eku-alloy yakha ungqimba lwe-oxide oluzivikelayo oluzivikelayo olwakheka ngokuzenzekelayo emoyeni. Ukuziphilisa kwengqimba ye-oxide kusho ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kuhlala kuphelele kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Ngisho noma ubuso bezinto bunqunywa noma bonakalisiwe, buzoziphilisa futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kuzogcinwa.

8. Ukumelana Nokushisa Okukhulu
Amanye amazinga ensimbi engagqwali angamelana nokukhula futhi agcine amandla aphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Amanye amazinga agcina izakhiwo eziphezulu zemishini emazingeni okushisa acwebezelayo.
Amandla Aphezulu Ensimbi Engagqwali
Imiklamo yezingxenye kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza zingashintshwa ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuqina komsebenzi wezinsimbi ezingagqwali okwenzeka lapho zisebenza ngokubandayo. Amandla aphezulu avelayo angavumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezincane, okuholela ezisindweni eziphansi kanye nezindleko.

I-Jindalai Steel Group ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili kanye nomthengisi we-coil/sheet/plate/strip/pipe yensimbi engagqwali. Ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yentuthuko ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke futhi njengamanje inezimboni ezimbili ezinamandla okukhiqiza angaphezu kwamathani angu-400,000 ngonyaka. Uma ufuna ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinto zensimbi engagqwali, wamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi namuhla noma ucele isilinganiso.

 

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