Kusukela ekwakhekeni kuya ekwakhekeni, izici eziningi zithinta izici zemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele ukuthi yiliphi izinga lensimbi okufanele ulisebenzise. Lokhu kuzonquma izici ezahlukahlukene, futhi ekugcineni, kokubili izindleko kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwemikhiqizo yakho yensimbi engagqwali.
Ngakho wazi kanjani ukuthi uzoqala kuphi?
Nakuba yonke isicelo ihlukile, le mibuzo engu-7 iqokomisa izinto ezibalulekile ezizokusiza ukunciphisa izinketho zakho futhi uthole amamaki afanele izidingo noma isicelo sakho.
1. YILUPHI UHLOBO LOKUMELANA OKUDINGWA YINTSIMBI YAMI?
Uma ucabanga ngensimbi engagqwali, izinto zokuqala ezifika engqondweni cishe ukumelana nama-asidi nama-chloride -- njengalawo atholakala ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini noma ezindaweni zasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nokushisa nakho kuyinto ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe.
Uma udinga ukumelana nokugqwala, kuzodingeka ugweme izinsimbi ze-ferritic neze-martensitic. Amazinga ensimbi engagqwali afanele ezindaweni ezigqwalayo afaka ama-alloy e-austenitic noma e-duplex afana nama-grade 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 2205, kanye ne-904L.
Ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, amamaki e-austenitic avame ukuba ngcono kakhulu. Ukuthola amamaki ane-chromium ephezulu, i-silicon, i-nitrogen, kanye nezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile kuzoshintsha kakhulu ikhono lensimbi lokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Amamaki avamile ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu afaka phakathi u-310, S30815, kanye no-446.
Amagreyidi ensimbi ye-Austenitic nawo afaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi noma ezi-cryogenic. Ukuze uthole ukumelana okwengeziwe, ungabheka amagreyidi e-carbon aphansi noma e-nitrogen ephezulu. Amagreyidi avamile ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi afaka phakathi i-304, 304LN, 310, 316, kanye ne-904L.
2. INGABE INSIMBI YAMI KUDINGEKA IBE YISAKHIWO?
Insimbi engakheki kahle izophuka uma isetshenziswa kakhulu futhi inikeze ukusebenza okuphansi. Ezimweni eziningi, izinsimbi ze-martensitic azinconywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi engakheki kahle ingase ingagcini isimo sayo lapho kudingeka ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi noma okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Uma ukhetha ibanga lensimbi, kuzodingeka ucabangele uhlobo ongathanda ukuthi ilethwe ngalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna izinduku, ama-slab, imigoqo noma amashidi kuzokhawulela izinketho zakho. Isibonelo, izinsimbi ze-ferritic zivame ukuthengiswa ngamashidi, izinsimbi ze-martensitic zivame ukuthengiswa ngamabha noma ama-slab, kanti izinsimbi ze-austentic zitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo. Amanye amazinga ensimbi atholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene afaka phakathi i-304, 316, 430, 2205, kanye ne-3CR12.
3. INGABE INSIMBI YAMI IZODINGA UKUSHINTSHA?
Ukwakha imishini akuyona inkinga ngokuvamile. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisa umsebenzi kungaveza imiphumela engalindelekile. Ukwengezwa kwe-sulfur kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komshini kodwa kunciphisa ukwakheka, ukushintshwa kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Lokhu kwenza ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokumelana nomshini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kube yinto ebalulekile ekucabangeni kwezinqubo eziningi zokwenziwa kwensimbi engagqwali ezigabeni eziningi. Kuye ngezidingo zakho, amagreyidi 303, 416, 430, kanye ne-3CR12 anikeza ibhalansi enhle lapho ungancipha khona izinketho.
4. INGABE KUDINGEKA NGISHINTSHE INTSIMBI YAMI ENGAGCWALI?
Ukushisela insimbi engagqwali kungaholela enkingeni—kufaka phakathi ukuqhekeka okushisayo, ukuqhekeka kokugqwala okucindezelekile, kanye nokugqwala okuphakathi kwe-granular—kuye ngokuthi insimbi isetshenzisiwe. Uma uhlela ukushisela insimbi yakho engagqwali, ama-alloy e-austenitic afaneleka kakhulu.
Amazinga aphansi ekhabhoni angasiza kakhulu ekushiseni ngenkathi izithasiselo, njenge-niobium, zingakwazi ukuqinisa ama-alloy ukuze kugwenywe ukukhathazeka ngokugqwala. Amazinga athandwayo ensimbi engagqwali yokushisela afaka phakathi i-304L, i-316, i-347, i-430, i-439 kanye ne-3CR12.
5. INGABE KUDINGEKA UKWELASHWA NGOKUSHISA?
Uma isicelo sakho sidinga ukwelashwa kokushisa, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi amazinga ahlukahlukene ensimbi asabela kanjani. Izici zokugcina zezinsimbi ezithile zihluke kakhulu ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa kokushisa.
Ezimweni eziningi, izinsimbi zokuqinisa i-martensitic kanye ne-precipitation, njenge-440C noma i-17-4 PH, zinikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu lapho ziphathwa ngokushisa. Izinsimbi eziningi ezingenasici ze-austenitic kanye ne-ferritic aziqini uma seziphathwa ngokushisa ngakho-ke azizona izinketho ezinhle.
6. YILUPHI AMANDLA ENTSIMBI OLUNGILE NGOKUSEBENZISA KWAMI?
Amandla ensimbi ayisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Noma kunjalo, ukukhokha ngokweqile kungaholela ezindleleni ezingadingeki, isisindo, kanye nezinye izinto ezichitha imali. Izici zamandla zibekwa ngokukhululekile ngumndeni wensimbi kanye nokwehluka okwengeziwe okutholakalayo ngamamaki ahlukene.
7. YIZIPHI IZINDLEKO EZIPHAMBILI NEZINDLEKO ZONKE ZALO NTSIMBI ESImweni sami?
Zonke izinto ezicatshangelwe ngaphambilini zithinta umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni izinga lensimbi engagqwali—izindleko zokuphila konke. Uma uqhathanisa izinga lensimbi engagqwali nendawo okuhlosiwe, ukusetshenziswa kanye nezidingo, ungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nenani elimangalisayo.
Qaphela ukuthi uhlaziya ukuthi insimbi izosebenza kanjani esikhathini esihlosiwe sokusetshenziswa nokuthi yiziphi izindleko ezingase zihileleke ekunakekelweni noma ekushintsheni ngaphambi kokunquma. Ukunciphisa izindleko kusenesikhathi kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwemali okuningi kakhulu phakathi nesikhathi sephrojekthi yakho, umkhiqizo, isakhiwo, noma olunye uhlelo lokusebenza.
Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinsimbi ezingagqwali kanye namafomu atholakalayo, ukuba nochwepheshe ozokusiza ukugqamisa izinketho kanye nezingibe ezingaba khona kuyindlela enhle yokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola inani elifanele lokutshalwa kwezimali kwensimbi engagqwali. Njengomhlinzeki ohamba phambili wensimbi engagqwali iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, iJindalai Steel Group izosebenzisa ulwazi lwethu ukukusiza ekuqondiseni inqubo yokuthenga. Buka uhlu lwethu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo engagqwali ku-inthanethi noma ushayele ucingo ukuze uxoxe ngezidingo zakho nelungu lethimba lethu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 19-2022
