Insimbi ebandayo esebenza ngokushisa isetshenziswa kakhulu ekugxibeni, ekuvaleni, ekwakheni, ekugobeni, ekukhipheni okubandayo, ekudwebeni okubandayo, ezidayeni ze-powder metallurgy, njll. Idinga ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okwanele. Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: uhlobo olujwayelekile nohlobo olukhethekile. Isibonelo, insimbi ebandayo yokusebenza ngokushisa e-United States ivame ukufaka amamaki amane ensimbi: 01, A2, D2, kanye no-D3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwamamaki ensimbi ensimbi ebandayo yokusebenza ngokushisa emazweni ahlukahlukene kuboniswe kuThebula 4. Ngokwezinga le-JIS laseJapan, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zensimbi ebandayo esebenza ngokushisa ezingasetshenziswa uchungechunge lwe-SK, kufaka phakathi insimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni yochungechunge lwe-SK, izinsimbi zamathuluzi e-alloy zochungechunge lwe-SKD eziyi-8, kanye nezinsimbi zesivinini esiphezulu zochungechunge lwe-SKHMO eziyi-9, ukuze kube namamaki ensimbi angama-24. Izinga lensimbi yensimbi ye-alloy ye-GB/T1299-2000 yaseShayina lifaka izinhlobo zensimbi eziyi-11, ezakha uchungechunge oluphelele. Ngezinguquko kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, izinto ezicutshungulwayo kanye nesidingo sesikhunta, uchungechunge oluyisisekelo lokuqala alukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo. Izigayo zensimbi zaseJapan kanye nabakhiqizi abakhulu baseYurophu bamathuluzi nensimbi edayiwe bathuthukise insimbi edayiwe edizayini ekhethekile, futhi kancane kancane bakha uchungechunge lwensimbi edayiwe edizayiniwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zinsimbi ezidayiwe ezidayiwe nakho kuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi edayiwe edizayiniwe.
Insimbi ebandayo yokucima umoya ephansi ye-alloy
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe bokucima i-vacuum embonini yesikhunta, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguquguquka kokucima, kuye kwathuthukiswa ezinye izinsimbi ezincane ezicinywa umoya ezicinywa umoya eziphansi. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi ludinga ukuqina okuhle kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa. Lunokuguquguquka okuncane, amandla amahle nokuqina okuhle, futhi lunokumelana nokuguguleka okuthile. Nakuba insimbi ejwayelekile ebanda kakhulu (njenge-D2, A2) inokuqina okuhle, inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloy futhi ibiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinsimbi ezincane eziphansi ezicinywayo ziye zathuthukiswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi ngokuvamile luqukethe izakhi ze-alloy Cr kanye nezakhi ze-alloy ze-Mn ukuthuthukisa ukuqina. Okuqukethwe okuphelele kwezakhi ze-alloy ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwe-5%. Lufanelekela ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinembile ngamaqoqo amancane okukhiqiza. Izikhunta eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amazinga ensimbi amele afaka phakathi i-A6 evela e-United States, i-ACD37 evela ku-Hitachi Metals, i-G04 evela ku-Daido Special Steel, i-AKS3 evela ku-Aichi Steel, njll. Insimbi ye-GD yaseShayina, ngemva kokucima ku-900°C kanye nokushisa ku-200°C, ingagcina inani elithile le-austenite egciniwe futhi inamandla amahle, ukuqina kanye nokuqina kobukhulu. Ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-cold stamping dies avame ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka. Impilo yenkonzo ephezulu.
Insimbi yokubumba ecinyiwe ilangabi
Ukuze kufinyezwe umjikelezo wokukhiqiza isikhunta, kwenziwe lula inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, kongiwe amandla futhi kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza isikhunta. IJapane isungule ezinye izinsimbi ezikhethekile zokushisa ezisebenza ngokubandayo zezidingo zokucima umlilo. Ezivamile zifaka i-Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), i-SX4 (Cr8), i-HMD5, i-HMD1, i-Datong Special Steel Company's G05 steel, njll. IShayina isungule i-7Cr7SiMnMoV. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lungasetshenziswa ukushisa i-blade noma ezinye izingxenye zesikhunta kusetshenziswa isibhamu sokufafaza se-oxyacetylene noma ezinye izifudumezi ngemva kokuba isikhunta sicutshungulwe bese sipholiswa emoyeni bese sicinywa. Ngokuvamile, singasetshenziswa ngqo ngemva kokucima. Ngenxa yenqubo yaso elula, sisetshenziswa kabanzi eJapane. Uhlobo lwensimbi olumele lolu hlobo lwensimbi yi-7CrSiMnMoV, enokuqina okuhle. Lapho insimbi engu-φ80mm icinywa uwoyela, ubunzima obusebangeni elingama-30mm ukusuka ebusweni bungafinyelela ku-60HRC. Umehluko wobulukhuni phakathi kwengaphakathi kanye nobuso ngu-3HRC. Lapho kucinywa ilangabi, Ngemva kokushisa kusengaphambili ku-180 ~ 200°C nokushisa ku-900-1000°C ukuze kucinywe ngesibhamu sokufafaza, ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ku-60HRC futhi kungatholakala ungqimba oluqinile olungaphezu kuka-1.5mm.
Ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqokwa okubandayo kwensimbi yokusebenza
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwensimbi ebandayo esebenza kahle futhi kuncishiswe ukumelana nokuguguleka kwensimbi, ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu zokukhiqiza insimbi yesikhunta zakwamanye amazwe ziye zakha ngokulandelana uchungechunge lwezinsimbi zesikhunta ezisebenzayo eziqinile ezinokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi ngokuvamile luqukethe cishe i-1% yekhabhoni kanye ne-8% Cr. Ngokungezwa kwe-Mo, V, Si nezinye izinto zokuhlanganisa, ama-carbide ayo alungile, asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, futhi ukuqina kwawo kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwensimbi yohlobo lwe-Cr12, kuyilapho ukumelana nokuguguleka kwayo kufana. . Ukuqina kwawo, amandla okuguquguquka, amandla okukhathala kanye nokuqina kokuphuka kuphakeme, futhi ukuzinza kwawo okumelana nokushisa nakho kuphakeme kunensimbi yesikhunta yohlobo lwe-Crl2. Zifanelekela ama-punch asheshayo kanye nama-punch amaningi. Izinhlobo zensimbi ezimele zalolu hlobo lwensimbi yi-DC53 yaseJapan enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-V kanye ne-CRU-WEAR enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-V. I-DC53 iyacinywa ku-1020-1040°C futhi ubunzima bungafinyelela ku-62-63HRC ngemva kokupholisa komoya. Ingashintshwa ekushiseni okuphansi (180 ~ 200℃) kanye nokushisa okuphezulu (500~ 550℃), ukuqina kwayo kungaba ngaphezu kwe-D2 ngokuphindwe kanye, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokukhathala kuphakeme ngo-20% kune-D2; ngemuva kokwakhiwa nokugingqika kwe-CRU-WEAR, iyashintshwa futhi iqiniswe ku-850-870℃. Ngaphansi kuka-30℃/ihora, ipholiswe ku-650℃ bese ikhishwa, ukuqina kungafinyelela ku-225-255HB, izinga lokushisa lokucima lingakhethwa kububanzi obungu-1020~ 1120℃, ukuqina kungafinyelela ku-63HRC, kuqiniswe ku-480~ 570℃ ngokwezimo zokusetshenziswa, ngesibili esisobala Umphumela wokuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokuqina kungcono kune-D2.
Insimbi eyisisekelo (insimbi enesivinini esikhulu)
Insimbi yesivinini esiphezulu isetshenziswe kabanzi kwamanye amazwe ukukhiqiza izikhunta zomsebenzi obandayo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezihlala isikhathi eside ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokuguguleka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina okubomvu, njengensimbi yesivinini esiphezulu ejwayelekile yaseJapan i-SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zesikhunta, ukuqina kuvame ukuthuthukiswa ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokucima, ukucima ukuqina noma ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ensimbini yesivinini esiphezulu. Insimbi ye-matrix yakhiwa ngensimbi yesivinini esiphezulu, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kufana nokwakheka kwe-matrix yensimbi yesivinini esiphezulu ngemva kokucima. Ngakho-ke, inani lama-carbide asele ngemva kokucima lincane futhi lisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kwensimbi uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi yesivinini esiphezulu. I-United States ne-Japan bafunde izinsimbi eziyisisekelo ezinamazinga i-VascoMA, i-VascoMatrix1 kanye ne-MOD2 ekuqaleni kwawo-1970. Muva nje, kuye kwathuthukiswa i-DRM1, i-DRM2, i-DRM3, njll.. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa izikhunta zomsebenzi obandayo ezidinga ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokuzinza okungcono kokulwa nokushisa. IShayina iphinde yakha ezinye izinsimbi eziyisisekelo, njenge-65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), i-65W8Cr4VTi, i-65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi nezinye izinsimbi. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunamandla nokuqina okuhle futhi lusetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhipheni okubandayo, ekubhobozeni okubandayo kwepuleti elijiyile, kumasondo okugingqa intambo, kuma-imppression dies, kuma-cold heading dies, njll., futhi lungasetshenziswa njengama-warm extrusion dies.
Insimbi yokubumba ye-powder metallurgy
Insimbi ebandayo yohlobo lwe-LEDB ekhiqizwa ngezinqubo ezivamile, ikakhulukazi izinto ezinkulu, inama-carbide aqinile kanye nokusatshalaliswa okungalingani, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuqina, ukugaywa kanye ne-isotropy yensimbi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkampani ezinkulu zensimbi ezikhethekile zakwamanye amazwe ezikhiqiza amathuluzi kanye nensimbi edayiwe zigxile ekwakheni uchungechunge lwensimbi edayiwe ye-powder metallurgy enesivinini esikhulu kanye nensimbi edayiwe ye-high-alloy, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwalolu hlobo lwensimbi. Kusetshenziswa inqubo yensimbi edayiwe ye-powder metallurgy, i-atomized steel powder iphola ngokushesha futhi ama-carbide akhiwe alungile futhi afanayo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina, ukugaywa kanye ne-isotropy yezinto zokubumba. Ngenxa yale nqubo ekhethekile yokukhiqiza, ama-carbide alungile futhi afanayo, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kanye nokusebenza kokugaya kuyathuthukiswa, okuvumela okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni ne-vanadium ukuthi kwengezwe ensimbini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe uchungechunge lwezinhlobo ezintsha zensimbi. Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-DEX lwase-Japan i-Datong (i-DEX40, i-DEX60, i-DEX80, njll.), uchungechunge lwe-HAP luka-Hitachi Metal, uchungechunge lwe-FAX luka-Fujikoshi, uchungechunge lwe-VANADIS luka-UDDEHOLM, uchungechunge lwe-ASP luka-Erasteel lwaseFrance, kanye nethuluzi le-powder metallurgy lenkampani yaseMelika i-American CRUCIBLE ziyathuthuka ngokushesha. Njengoba zakha uchungechunge lwezinsimbi ze-powder metallurgy ezifana ne-CPMlV, i-CPM3V, i-CPMlOV, i-CPM15V, njll., ukumelana kwazo nokuguguleka kuthuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi yethuluzi neye-die eyenziwe ngezinqubo ezijwayelekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-02-2024
