Cold work die steel isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukunyathela, ukuvala, ukwakha, ukugoba, ukukhishwa okubandayo, umdwebo obandayo, i-powder metallurgy iyafa, njll. Idinga ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okwanele. Ngokujwayelekile ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: uhlobo olujwayelekile kanye nohlobo olukhethekile. Isibonelo, i-die iron work die iron yenhloso evamile e-United States ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amamaki ensimbi amane: 01, A2, D2, and D3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwamamaki ensimbi ensimbi yensimbi esetshenziswayo ebandayo yenjongo evamile emazweni ahlukahlukene kukhonjiswe kuThebula 4. Ngokwezinga laseJapane le-JIS, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zensimbi esetshenziswayo ebandayo engasetshenziswa uchungechunge lwe-SK, kuhlanganise nochungechunge lwe-SK. insimbi yensimbi ye-carbon, 8 SKD series alloy tool, kanye nezinsimbi ze-SKHMO ezingu-9 ezinesivinini esiphezulu, ngesamba samamaki ensimbi angu-24. Izinga lensimbi yensimbi ye-GB/T1299-2000 yaseChina ihlanganisa ingqikithi yezinhlobo zensimbi eziyi-11, ezakha uchungechunge oluphelele ngokuqhathaniswa. Ngezinguquko kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, izinto ezicutshungulwayo kanye nesidingo sesikhunta, uchungechunge oluyisisekelo lwangempela alukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo. Izigayo zensimbi zaseJapane kanye nethuluzi elikhulu laseYurophu kanye nabakhiqizi bensimbi abafayo baye bahlakulela inhloso ekhethekile ebandayo umsebenzi wokufa insimbi, futhi kancane kancane kwakhiwa Umsebenzi obandayo wokufa uchungechunge lwensimbi, ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zinsimbi ezibandayo zibuye zibe isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi obandayo wokufa kwensimbi.
I-alloy air ephansi ecisha umsebenzi obandayo wensimbi
Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kokushisa, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe bokucisha i-vacuum embonini yesikhunta, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguqulwa kokucisha, ezinye izinsimbi ze-micro-deformation ezicijile ze-alloy eziphansi ziye zathuthukiswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi ludinga ukuqina okuhle nokwelashwa kokushisa Ine-deformation encane, amandla amahle nokuqina, futhi inokumelana okuthile kokugqoka. Nakuba i-high-alloy high cold work die steel (efana ne-D2, A2) inokuqina okuhle, inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloy futhi kuyabiza. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinsimbi ze-low-alloy micro-deformation zenziwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi ngokuvamile luqukethe izakhi ze-alloy Cr kanye ne-Mn alloy element ukuthuthukisa ukuqina. Ingqikithi yezakhi ze-alloy ngokuvamile ingu-<5%. Ifanele ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinembayo ezinamaqoqo amancane okukhiqiza. Isikhunta esiyinkimbinkimbi. Amabanga ensimbi amele ahlanganisa i-A6 yase-United States, i-ACD37 evela ku-Hitachi Metals, i-G04 evela ku-Daido Special Steel, i-AKS3 evela ku-Aichi Steel, njll. ye-austenite egciniwe futhi inamandla amahle, ukuqina kanye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza izitembu ezibandayo ezijwayele ukuchotshozwa nokuphuka. Impilo yesevisi ephezulu.
Insimbi yesikhunta ecinywe ilangabi
Ukuze unciphise umjikelezo wokukhiqiza isikhunta, wenze lula inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, ulondoloze amandla futhi unciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza isikhunta. I-Japan ithuthukise ama-die steels akhethekile abandayo ukuze acime amalangabi. Okujwayelekile kufaka i-Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), SX4 (Cr8), Hitachi Metal's HMD5, HMD1, Datong Special Steel Company's G05 steel, njll. I-China ithuthukise i-7Cr7SiMnMoV. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lungasetshenziswa ukushisa i-blade noma ezinye izingxenye zesikhunta kusetshenziswa isibhamu se-oxyacetylene spray noma ezinye izifudumezi ngemuva kokuba isikhunta sicutshungulwe bese sipholile emoyeni futhi sicinywe. Ngokuvamile, ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngemva kokucisha. Ngenxa yenqubo yayo elula, isetshenziswa kabanzi eJapane. Uhlobo lwensimbi olumele lolu hlobo lwensimbi yi-7CrSiMnMoV, enokuqina okuhle. Lapho insimbi engu-φ80mm icinywa uwoyela, ubulukhuni ebangeni elingu-30mm ukusuka phezulu bungafinyelela ku-60HRC. Umehluko wokuqina phakathi komnyombo nobuso ngu-3HRC. Lapho ilangabi licisha, Ngemva kokushisa kuqala ku-180 ~ 200 ° C nokushisa ku-900-1000 ° C ukuze kucinywe ngesibhamu sokufafaza, ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-60HRC futhi ungqimba oluqinile olungaphezu kuka-1.5mm lungatholakala.
Ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu umsebenzi obandayo wensimbi
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina komsebenzi obandayo we-die steel futhi kuncishiswe ukumelana nokugqokwa kwensimbi, ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu zokukhiqiza insimbi yensimbi yangaphandle ziye zasungula ngokulandelana uchungechunge lwezinsimbi zokufa ezibandayo ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi ngokuvamile luqukethe cishe u-1% wekhabhoni no-8% Cr. Ngokungezwa kwe-Mo, V, Si nezinye izakhi ze-alloying, ama-carbides ayo mahle, asakazwa ngokulinganayo, futhi ukuqina kwawo kuphakeme kakhulu kunohlobo lwensimbi ye-Cr12, kuyilapho ukumelana kwayo nokugqoka kufana. . Ukuqina kwazo, amandla okuguquguquka, amandla okukhathala kanye nokuqina kokuphuka kuphezulu, futhi ukuzinza kwazo okulwa nokufutheka kuphakeme kunensimbi yokubunjwa yohlobo lwe-Crl2. Afanele ama-punches anesivinini esikhulu kanye nama-punch eziteshi eziningi. Izinhlobo zensimbi ezimele zalolu hlobo lwensimbi yi-DC53 yase-Japan enokuqukethwe kwe-V ephansi kanye ne-CRU-WEAR enokuqukethwe kwe-V ephezulu. I-DC53 icinywa ku-1020-1040°C futhi ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ku-62-63HRC ngemva kokupholisa umoya. Ingashiswa ekushiseni okuphansi (180 ~ 200℃) kanye nokushisa okuphezulu (500 ~ 550 ℃), ukuqina kwayo kungaba izikhathi ezi-1 ngaphezu kwe-D2, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokukhathala kuphezulu ngo-20% kune-D2; ngemuva kwe-CRU-WEAR ukufoja nokugingqika, iyafakwa futhi iqinisekiswe ku-850-870 ℃. Ngaphansi kuka-30 ℃ / ihora, ipholile ku-650 ℃ futhi ikhululwe, ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ku-225-255HB, izinga lokushisa lokucisha lingakhethwa ku-1020 ~ 1120 ℃, ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ku-63HRC, bubekwe ku-480 ~ 570 ℃ ezimweni zokusetshenziswa, ngesesibili esisobala Umphumela oqinile, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokuqina kungcono kune-D2.
Insimbi eyisisekelo (insimbi enesivinini esikhulu)
Insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu isetshenziswe kabanzi emazweni angaphandle ukuze kukhiqizwe isikhunta esisebenza kahle kakhulu, esisebenza isikhathi eside esibandayo ngenxa yokumelana nokugqokwa kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina kwayo okubomvu, njengensimbi evamile yase-Japan enesivinini esiphezulu i-SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zesikhunta, ukuqina kuvame ukuthuthukiswa ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokucisha, ukucisha ubulukhuni noma ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ngensimbi enesivinini esikhulu. Insimbi ye-matrix ithuthukiswa ngensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kuyalingana nokwakheka kwe-matrix yensimbi enesivinini esikhulu ngemva kokucisha. Ngakho-ke, inani lama-carbides asele ngemuva kokucisha lincane futhi lisakazwa ngokulinganayo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kwensimbi uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi yesivinini esikhulu. I-United States ne-Japan zafunda izinsimbi eziyisisekelo ezinamabanga i-VascoMA, i-VascoMatrix1 ne-MOD2 ekuqaleni kwawo-1970. Muva nje, i-DRM1, i-DRM2, i-DRM3, njll. ithuthukisiwe. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa isikhunta somsebenzi obandayo esidinga ukuqina okuphezulu nokuzinza okungcono kwe-anti-tempering. I-China iphinde yathuthukisa ezinye izinsimbi eziyisisekelo, ezifana ne-65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi nezinye izinsimbi. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunamandla amahle kanye nokuqina futhi lusetshenziswa kakhulu ku-extrusion ebandayo, ukubhoboza okubandayo kwepuleti eliwugqinsi, amasondo agingqa intambo, ukufa okuvelayo, okubandayo kuyafa, njll., futhi kungasetshenziswa njengoba ukufa kwe-extrusion efudumele.
Insimbi ye-powder metallurgy
I-LEDB-uhlobo oluphezulu lwe-alloy ebandayo yensimbi ekhiqizwa izinqubo ezivamile, ikakhulukazi izinto zesigaba esikhulu, ine-eutectic carbides e-eutectic kanye nokusabalalisa okungalingani, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuqina, ukugaya kanye ne-isotropy yensimbi. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinkampani ezinkulu zensimbi ezikhethekile zakwamanye amazwe ezikhiqiza ithuluzi kanye nensimbi yokufa ziye zagxila ekuthuthukiseni uchungechunge lwe-powder metallurgy high-speed steel kanye ne-high-alloy die steel, okuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwalolu hlobo lwensimbi. Ngokusebenzisa inqubo ye-powder metallurgy, i-atomized steel powder ipholisa ngokushesha futhi ama-carbides akhiwe alungile futhi afanayo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina, ukugaya kanye ne-isotropy ye-mold material. Ngenxa yale nqubo yokukhiqiza ekhethekile, ama-carbides alungile futhi afanayo, futhi ukusebenza komshini nokusebenza kokugaya kuyathuthukiswa, okuvumela okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu ne-vanadium kwengezwe ensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe uchungechunge lwezinhlobo zensimbi ezintsha. Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwaseJapan lwe-DEX (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, njll.), uchungechunge lwe-HAP lwe-Hitachi Metal, uchungechunge lwe-FAX ka-Fujikoshi, uchungechunge lwe-VANADIS luka-UDDEHOLM, uchungechunge lwe-ASP yase-France ye-Erasteel, kanye ne-American CRUCIBLE insimbi eyimpushana ezakha ithuluzi lensimbi esheshayo . Ukwakha uchungechunge lwezinsimbi ze-powder metallurgy ezifana ne-CPMlV, i-CPM3V, i-CPMlOV, i-CPM15V, njll., ukumelana kwazo nokuqina kwazo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi yamathuluzi ne-die ekhiqizwa izinqubo ezijwayelekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-02-2024