Ngoba ipayipi livame kakhulu phakathi kwezimboni eziningi kangaka, akumangazi ukuthi izinhlangano ezinamazinga ahlukene zinomthelela ekukhiqizweni nasekuhlolweni kwepayipi ukuze kusetshenziswe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Njengoba uzobona, kukhona okubhejane nokwehlukana okuthize phakathi kwezinhlangano zamazinga abathengi okufanele baziqonde ukuze baqinisekise ama-spec anembile eziphrofethi abo.
1. I-ASTM
I-ASTM International ihlinzeka ngezinto zezimboni kanye namazinga enkonzo ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhakha yezimboni. Le nhlangano ishicilele amazinga angaphezu kwe-12,000 asetshenziswa njengamanje ezimbonini Emhlabeni wonke.
Ngaphezu kwe-100 yalezo zindinganiso eziphathelene nepayipi lensimbi, ishubhu, ukufakwa kanye nama-flangese. Ngokungafani nezinhlangano ezithile eziyindinganiso ezithinta ipayipi lensimbi emikhakheni ethile yezimboni, amazinga e-ASTM amboza amapayipi ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke amakhabe ongacabanga ngakho.
Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yamapayipi aseMelika amasheya aphelele wepayipi le-A106. I-A106 Standard Covers ye-Steamless Carbon Insimbi yenkonzo ephezulu yokushisa. Lelo Zinga alikhawuleli ipayipi kunoma iyiphi isicelo esithile sezimboni.
2. ASME
I-American Society of Mechanical Onjiniyela yaqala ukushicilela amazinga amathuluzi wezimboni kanye nezingxenye zomshini ngo-1880 futhi kube yimiphumela yokushayela ngemuva kokuthuthuka kokuphepha kuma-boilers kanye nemikhumbi yengcindezi esetshenziswa kuyo yonke imikhakha yezimboni.
Njengoba ipayipi livame ukuhambisana nemikhumbi yengcindezi, amazinga e-ASME amboza izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zepayipi kuyo yonke imboni, efanayo ne-ASTM. Eqinisweni, amazinga we-ASME ne-ASTM afana kakhulu. Noma nini lapho ubona okujwayelekile kwepayipi kuvezwa nge-'A 'ne-'SA' - Isibonelo yi-A / SA 333 - kuwuphawu lokuthi impahla ihlangabezana nazo zombili izindinganiso ze-ASTM ne-ASME.
3. API
Njengoba igama lakhona libonisa, i-American Petroleum Institute iyinhlangano eqondene nomkhakha ukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ithuthukisa futhi ishicilela amazinga wepayipi nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa embonini kawoyela negesi.
Amapayipi akalwe ngaphansi kwe-API Standard angalingana kakhulu ekuphatheni nasekuklameni amapayipi asetshenziswa kwezinye izimboni ngaphansi kwamanye amaZinga. Izindinganiso ze-API ziqine kakhulu futhi zifaka izidingo ezengeziwe zokuhlola, kepha kukhona okunye ukunqwabelana.
I-API 5L Pipe, ngokwesibonelo, isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzilungiselelo zamafutha negesi. I-Standard ifana ne-A / SA 106 ne-A / SA 53. Amanye amamaki we-API 5l Pipe ahambisana namazinga we-A / SA 106 ne-A / 53 ngakho-ke asetshenziswe ngokushintshana. Kepha u-A / SA 106 no-A / SA 53 Pipe Musa ukulandela ngayo yonke imigomo ye-API 5L.
4. ANSI
I-American National Standards Institute yasungulwa kulandela ukuqoqwa kwezinhlangano eziningana zezimboni zisebenza ngo-1916 ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa izindinganiso zokuzithandela e-US
U-Ansi wajoyina nezinhlangano ezifanayo nakwamanye amazwe ukwakha i-International Organisation for Standation (ISO). Le nhlangano ishicilela amazinga amukelwe ababambiqhaza bezimboni abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba. U-Ansi futhi usebenza njengomzimba ovumayo ovumela amazinga athuthukiswe izinhlangano zabanye zokutholwa emhlabeni jikelele.
Ama-ASTM amaningi, i-ASME namanye amazinga avunyelwa yi-ANSI njengezindinganiso ezifanayo ezamukelekayo. Isibonelo esisodwa yi-ASME B16 ejwayelekile yama-flanges, ama-valve, ukufakwa kanye nama-gaskets. Izinga ekuqaleni laqala ukuthuthukiswa yi-ASME, kepha livunyelwe ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke nge-ANSI.
Imizamo ka-Ansi isize ukuvula izimakethe zamazwe omhlaba kubakhiqizi nabaphakeli bepayipi ngenxa yeqhaza labo ekuthuthukisweni nasekutholeni amazinga ajwayelekile amukelwe emhlabeni jikelele.
5. Umhlinzeki wepayipi ofanele
Ngamashumi amane eminyaka yokuthola ipayipi kumakhasimende azo zonke izimboni emhlabeni wonke, iqembu lensimbi yeJinganea liyaqonda ubunzima nokubaluleka kwamazinga amaningi abusa ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwepayipi. Masisebenzise leso sipiliyoni ngokuhle kwebhizinisi lakho. Ngokukhetha uJindalai njengoMhlinzeki wakho, ungagxila kulokho okubaluleke kakhulu kuwe esikhundleni sokuthi ugodliwe ngemininingwane. Amapayipi ensimbi kaJindalai angahlangana nawo wonke amazinga ashiwo ngenhla.
Uma unezidingo zokuthenga, cela isilinganiso. Sizohlinzeka ngokuthola okukuthola ngqo imikhiqizo oyidingayo ngokushesha. Thumela uphenyo lwakho futhi sizokujabulela ukukubona kahle.
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Isikhathi Seposi: Dece-19-2022